An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange. It is an insoluble matrix (or support structure) normally in the form of small (0.25–0.5 mm radius) microbeads, usually white or yellowish, fabricated from an organic polymer substrate. The beads are typically porous, providing a large surface area on and inside them. The trapping of ions occurs along with the accompanying release of other ions, and thus the process is called ion exchange.Ion-exchange resins are widely used in different separation, purification, and decontamination processes. The most common examples are water softening and water purification.
Types of Resins
Cation-exchange resin
The cation exchange method removes the hardness of water but induces acidity in it, which is further removed in the next stage of treatment of water by passing this acidic water through an anion exchange process.
Formula: R−H acidic Reaction: R−H + M+ = R−M + H+.
Anion-exchange resin
Often these are styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer resins that have quaternary ammonium cations as an integral part of the resin matrix.
Formula: NR4+OH− Reaction: NR4+OH− + HCl = NR4+Cl− + H2O.
Water Softening
In water softening, ion-exchange resins are used to replace the magnesium and calcium ions found in hard water with sodium ions. When the resin is fresh, it contains sodium ions at its active sites. When in contact with a solution containing magnesium and calcium ions (but a low concentration of sodium ions), the magnesium and calcium ions preferentially migrate out of solution to the active sites on the resin, being replaced in solution by sodium ions.
The resin can be recharged by washing it with a solution containing a high concentration of sodium ions (e.g. it has large amounts of common salt (NaCl) dissolved in it). The calcium and magnesium ions migrate from the resin, being replaced by sodium ions from the solution until a new equilibrium is reached. The salt is used to recharge an ion-exchange resin, which itself is used to soften the water.
Pursafet coffee machine and pitcher water filters
Use with Acrylic weakly acidic cation resin(hydrogen type resin and potassium type resin), help to reduce the calcium and magnesium ions and soften the water, prevent the limescale. And the high density net help to filter the sediments and rust, the inside coconut shell activated carbon can remove the Chlorine, Odor and unpleasant taste to improve the water quality and taste.
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